Sustainable Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil and Recycling of Wastewater Rich in Glycerol as a Feed to Microalgae

The amount of solid and liquid organic waste wastewater is continuously increasing all over the world. necessity their reuse recycling is, therefore, becoming more pressing. Furthermore, limited fossil fuel resources, in conjunction with need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, advocate production renewable fuels. In this work, we analyze a sustainable second-generation process produce biodiesel by transesterification cooking oil, coupled third-generation cascade for incoming wastewater. Since latter rich glycerol, it used as feed microalgae, from which oil can be extracted added further close cycle. We studied influence different factors like temperature, catalyst load, reactants ratio on kinetics estimated kinetic parameters schemes. obtained values activation energies pre-exponential at chosen conditions T = 60 °C load 0.6% w/w methanol are: Ea,direct 35,661 J mol−1, Ea,reverse 72,989 k0,direct 9.7708 [dm3 mol−1]3 min−1, k0,reverse 24,810 min−1 global fourth-order reversible reaction scheme Ea 67,348 mol−1 k0 2.157 × 109 simplified pseudo-first-order irreversible scheme; both strong agreement literature data. designed very efficient discontinuous continuous operating mode, lab-scale pilot-scale. quality produced sunflower compared that kinds virgin vegetable oils, showing former possesses acceptable standards (Cetane number 48 LHV 36,600 kJ kg−1). Finally, glycerol nutrient mixotrophic microalgae nurturing discussed, growing are evaluated (k1 about 0.5 day−1), endorsing possibility algae extraction each 4–5 days semi-continuous mode. experimental results pilot scale finally confirm biodiesel, yields two-stage prove competitiveness market.